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The introduction of smart applications in the Electrical Power Utility (EPU) and consequent dispersed intelligence result in a tremendous growth of information exchange across the power system. This implies, in many cases, a change of scale in the requirements of the telecommunication infrastructure and often the deployment of a core data transport network. This may be implemented through a number of different technologies and architectures. The present network of most power utilities is… Show more

The introduction of smart applications in the Electrical Power Utility (EPU) and consequent dispersed intelligence result in a tremendous growth of information exchange across the power system. This implies, in many cases, a change of scale in the requirements of the telecommunication infrastructure and often the deployment of a core data transport network. This may be implemented through a number of different technologies and architectures. The present network of most power utilities is extensively composed of TDM (e.g. PDH/SDH) technology. Packet communication and in particular Ethernet connections are growing very fast and may bring the necessity to adapt and /or replace network technologies. This Technical Brochure aims to identify and analyze solutions and migration plans in the light of data network technology evolutions, new application requirements and EPU’s capability to maintain the system’s operation. During 2009 and 2010, Cigré working group D2.28 conducted a survey amongst Cigré members to identify the current and expected future use of IP networks within Electric Power Utilities. For this Technical Brochure a follow-up survey was conducted to identify trends in the use of networks and network technologies This Technical Brochure contains: ? The results of the follow-up survey held for this Technical Brochure ? An analysis of trends in the use of networks and network technologies based on a comparison of the survey held for working group D2.28 and the follow-up survey held for this Technical Brochure ? General considerations for replacing, refurbishing or extending networks ? An assessment of available physical technologies and transport protocols ? Recommendations for future works Show less

Growing data volumes in Upstream O&G, driven by new sensors, automation and the expanding Internet of Things domain, requires a new paradigm in data processing and computing. Fog Computing is architected to address such challenges, allowing local processing to be performed close to the source of the data, thus decreasing needs for data transfer over constrained satellite or microwave links. Integration of Fog Computing capabilities with the remote edge networking allows O&G companies to… Show more

Growing data volumes in Upstream O&G, driven by new sensors, automation and the expanding Internet of Things domain, requires a new paradigm in data processing and computing. Fog Computing is architected to address such challenges, allowing local processing to be performed close to the source of the data, thus decreasing needs for data transfer over constrained satellite or microwave links. Integration of Fog Computing capabilities with the remote edge networking allows O&G companies to implement the edge computing with reduced size, power requirements and costs. Show less

Communications architectures, technologies, solutions, and management for process, energy, security, and multiservice applications must be robust, flexible, and scalable, and based on open standards, allowing operations from field device to enterprise levels by combining real-time process and business control automation, information management, energy management, and security with global supervision.

Pipeline requirements will vary depending on project, so it is essential that any… Show more

Communications architectures, technologies, solutions, and management for process, energy, security, and multiservice applications must be robust, flexible, and scalable, and based on open standards, allowing operations from field device to enterprise levels by combining real-time process and business control automation, information management, energy management, and security with global supervision.

Pipeline requirements will vary depending on project, so it is essential that any communications solution be scalable and modular where elements can be interchanged without affecting fundamental architectural and operational functions. The technology choice for operational field telecoms should be viewed as a building block linking pipeline stations and control centers, and it must be flexible to meet end-user preferences including the possibility for future expansion. Show less

Electrical power grids continue to evolve to meet the challenges of standardisation and grid modernisation in order to enhance existing use cases [1] and applications, while simultaneously enabling new use cases driven by the concept of the smart grid. The addition of new technologies has the potential to allow a utility to realise a more stable, reliable, efficient and visible power grid capable of handling any type of communication flow.

Grid communications infrastructure often… Show more

Electrical power grids continue to evolve to meet the challenges of standardisation and grid modernisation in order to enhance existing use cases [1] and applications, while simultaneously enabling new use cases driven by the concept of the smart grid. The addition of new technologies has the potential to allow a utility to realise a more stable, reliable, efficient and visible power grid capable of handling any type of communication flow.

Grid communications infrastructure often consists of multiple media types, including media such as pilot wire, microwave, radio, serial, and PDH/SDH. Traditional deployments often consist of multiple siloed networks with limited or no capability to exchange data between them. Because of changing system requirements, standardisation, and equipment end of life, these infrastructures no longer adequately support utility long-term needs. Many are built and operated for specific applications or solutions, making it more challenging to integrate new use cases and operational processes.

There is a steady increase in bandwidth consumption and any-to-any communication flows. TDM-based networks can no longer cost-effectively support these use cases. In addition regulations and standards such as NERC CIP and IEC 62351 compel utilities to enable better communications to support cyber and physical security, auditing and monitoring.

In response to these challenges, packet based systems allow utilities to not only meet operational goals but also enable the enterprise and operations applications to co-exist. The key to modernising and securing grid communications is to provide a common multi-service network which provides a platform for current and future requirements. For utilities replacing their TDM networks, MPLS is viewed as the strategic technology of choice and we shall consider requirements when designing packet networks for utilities using MPLS. Show less

Electrical power grids continue to evolve to meet the requirements of standardisation efforts and grid modernisation in order to enhance existing use cases and applications, while simultaneously enabling new use cases driven by the concept of the smart grid. In addition there has been a surge in the number of non-power applications introduced across the grid, as well as links between networks inside a utility, and links to external networks. The addition of new technologies allows a utility to… Show more

Electrical power grids continue to evolve to meet the requirements of standardisation efforts and grid modernisation in order to enhance existing use cases and applications, while simultaneously enabling new use cases driven by the concept of the smart grid. In addition there has been a surge in the number of non-power applications introduced across the grid, as well as links between networks inside a utility, and links to external networks. The addition of new technologies allows a utility to realise a more stable, reliable, efficient and visible power grid capable of handling any type of communication flow.

Through the integration of new systems, applications, and technologies to facilitate new use cases across common network infrastructure, a utility network becomes multi-service. However with the introduction of any new technology there is an increased risk of security threats which must also be taken into consideration.

The key to modernising and securing grid communications is to provide a common multi-service network following an architectural approach, which provides a platform for current and future requirements, including security.

Within this approach security is complimentary as an interlay system (integrated, not an add-on). With multiple layers of access control, data confidentiality and integrity, threat detection and mitigation, and device and platform integrity, it provides pervasive security throughout the architecture. In this paper we shall look at the benefits of using an architectural approach to address security challenges in multi- service networks. Show less

White paper for cyber security considerations for pipelines

Validated designs make deploying host pipeline management system environments easier. Validated designs describe solutions using blade and rack servers that are designed, tested, and documented, much like a deployment recipe, to facilitate, simplify, and improve customer deployments. These designs incorporate a wide range of technologies and products into solutions that have been developed to address customers’ business needs.
An integrated design delivers on the promise of maximum… Show more

Validated designs make deploying host pipeline management system environments easier. Validated designs describe solutions using blade and rack servers that are designed, tested, and documented, much like a deployment recipe, to facilitate, simplify, and improve customer deployments. These designs incorporate a wide range of technologies and products into solutions that have been developed to address customers’ business needs.
An integrated design delivers on the promise of maximum reliability with a single cohesive system that integrates Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) services with network and data traffic, embedded management, and powerful servers with high-speed hard disks and memory. Integrated design provides performance through a better architecture and better balance of resources that:
? Simplifies physical and virtual networks, reducing cost while increasing manageability
? Scales better and more rapidly and with lower infrastructure cost per server
? Delivers greater flexibility with virtualized environments for development and testing
? Increases an organization’s responsiveness to changing workloads and business conditions
through increased flexibility
This document describes integrated design, looking at how its three main components— SCADA principles, converged networking, and powerful servers—solve the requirements of high-availability SCADA systems. Show less

Electric power grids are becoming stressed by integration of intermittent renewable resources and significant adoption of distributed energy resources. The complexity of the grid is growing rapidly as we attempt to support technical, business, and societal goals for which power grids were not originally designed. Today, we largely take stability of the grid for granted. However, stability could collapse because of new dynamics introduced to the grid, and because the extreme complexity makes… Show more

Electric power grids are becoming stressed by integration of intermittent renewable resources and significant adoption of distributed energy resources. The complexity of the grid is growing rapidly as we attempt to support technical, business, and societal goals for which power grids were not originally designed. Today, we largely take stability of the grid for granted. However, stability could collapse because of new dynamics introduced to the grid, and because the extreme complexity makes traditional control analysis intractable, so that grid behaviour is more unpredictable. To ensure grid stability and have the agility to remain reliable under highly dynamic destabilizing conditions requires that grid control systems also evolve in ways that address these new changes and the resultant operational problems. Ultra-large power system control architecture - macro architecture for grid control that can solve the problems inherent in the present power grid evolutionary path is needed and has not been addressed in present smart grid architecture efforts.

Considerable progress is being made in the grid control research community in terms of progression from traditional grid control configurations to advanced control architectures that provide the ultra-large scale structure to handle multi-objective, multi-constraint grid control problems in a framework that can support coordinated control across utility organizational boundaries and, potentially, prosumer premises. Such a framework can preserve stability while solving the hidden coupling problem, the control federation problem and the tier disaggregation problem. The keys to this approach are three-fold: rectify the macro-structure of grid control to eliminate the emerging chaos; introduce two-axis distributed control; apply multi-level hierarchical optimization tools to grid control design. Show less